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1.0 CHAPTER 1: THE GARD GUIDE

1.1 Introduction 1.2 ARD Management - The Business Case 1.3 Scope and Objectives of the GARD Guide 1.4 Relation to other guides 1.5 Approach of the GARD Guide 1.5.1 ARD/NMD/SD 1.5.2 Mine Phase 1.5.3 Facility 1.5.4 Climate 1.5.5 Commodity 1.6 Sustainability 1.7 Layout and How to Use

2.0 CHAPTER 2: THE ARD PROCESS (RENS VERBURG)

2.1 Definition of ARD and Key Terms 2.2 History and Impacts of ARD 2.3 Implications of ARD to companies, governments and public 2.4 The Acid Generation Process 2.4.1 The Sulphur Cycle and Weathering Products 2.4.2 ARD Process & Migration 2.5 Neutral and Saline Mine Drainage 2.6 References

3.0 CHAPTER 3: CORPORATE, REGULATORY AND COMMUNITY FRAMEWORK (JOHN WATES)

3.1 Introduction 3.2 GARD- Guide Road Map 3.3 Corporate Guidance 3.4 Sustainability Considerations 3.5 Regulatory Guidance 3.5.1 Global Regulatory Guidance 3.5.2 Country Regulatory Guidance 3.5.2.1 Australia 3.5.2.2 Canada 3.5.2.3 Chile 3.5.2.4 China 3.5.2.5 EU 3.5.2.6 Indonesia 3.5.2.7 Peru 3.5.2.8 Russia 3.5.2.9 South Africa 3.5.2.10 USA 3.5.2.11 Others 3.6 Mine Phase Considerations 3.6.1.1 Exploration 3.6.1.2 Assessment 3.6.1.3 Design 3.6.1.4 Construction 3.6.1.5 Operation 3.6.1.6 Closure 3.6.1.7 Post Closure 3.7 Neutral and Saline Mine Drainage 3.8 ARD Guidance FAQ's 3.9 References

4.0 CHAPTER 4: DEFINING THE PROBLEM – CHARACTERIZATION (DEVIN CASTENDYK)

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Problem Definition Approach and Site Characterization 4.2.1 Exploration Phase 4.2.2 Assessment Phase 4.2.3 Mine Design Phase 4.2.4 Construction and Operation Phase 4.2.5 Closure Phase 4.2.6 Post Closure Phase 4.3 Characterization Methods 4.3.1 Sampling 4.3.2 Geophysical methods 4.3.3 Remote Sensing 4.4 Characterization of Potential Sources of ARD, NMD and SD 4.5 Commodity Specific Considerations 4.6 Approach for Risk Assessment Applied to ARD 4.7 ARD Problem Definition FAQ's 4.8 Chapter Conclusions 4.9 References

5.0 CHAPTER 5: PREDICTION (KIRK NORDSTROM)

5.1 Introduction 5.2 Objectives of Prediction Program 5.3 The ARD Prediction Approach 5.4 Relevance of ARD Source 5.5 Consideration of ARD Factors 5.6 Climatic Factors 5.7 ARD , Metal Leaching and Sulphate Production 5.8 Data Needs for Prediction 5.9 Prediction Tools 5.9.1 Geology and Lithological Considerations 5.9.2 Mineralogical Investigations 5.9.3 Field Measurements and Assessments 5.9.4 Geophysical Investigations 5.9.5 Hydrogeological/Hydrological Investigations 5.9.6 Overview of Testing Methods 5.9.6.1 Static Methods 5.9.6.2 Kinetic Methods 5.10 Geochemical Modeling of ARD for Characterization and Remediation 5.11 Relation to ARD Mitigation Methods 5.12 Evaluation Approaches 5.12.1 NMD and Saline Drainage Considerations 5.12.2 Scale-up Considerations 5.12.3 "Yes/no" Prediction 5.12.4 Quantitative ARD Prediction 5.13 Certainty of Prediction 5.14 Usefulness and Limitations of Geochemical Modeling 5.15 ARD Prediction FAQ's 5.16 References

6.0 CHAPTER 6: PREVENTION AND MITIGATION (WARD WILSON)

6.1 Introduction 6.2 Objectives of Prevention and Mitigation 6.3 The ARD Prevention and Mitigation Approach 6.4 Relevance of ARD Source 6.5 Consideration of ARD Factors 6.6 ARD and Metal Leaching and Sulphate Production 6.7 Climatic and Other Factors 6.8 Phased Approach 6.9 Overview of Methods 6.9.1 Remining 6.9.2 Special Handling Methods 6.9.2.1 Incorporation in Mine Plan 6.9.2.2 Segregation 6.9.2.3 Desulphidization 6.9.2.4 Compaction and Physical Tailings Conditioning 6.9.2.5 Encapsulation and Layering 6.9.2.6 Blending 6.9.2.7 Co-disposal 6.9.2.8 Permafrost and Freezing 6.9.3 Additions and Amendment Methods 6.9.3.1 Passivation 6.9.3.2 Alkaline materials 6.9.3.3 Organics 6.9.3.4 Bactericides 6.9.4 Water Management Methods 6.9.4.1 Hydrodynamic controls 6.9.4.2 Dewatering 6.9.4.3 Diversion 6.9.4.4 Filling 6.9.4.5 Seals 6.9.5 Dry Cover Methods 6.9.5.1 Organic 6.9.5.2 Soil 6.9.5.3 Limestone and Alkaline 6.9.5.4 Synthetic 6.9.5.5 Gas 6.9.5.6 Vegetation 6.9.6 Water Cover Methods 6.9.6.1 Subaqueous 6.9.6.2 Partial water cover 6.9.6.3 Wetland covers 6.9.7 Impact Mitigation 6.9.7.1 Attenuation 6.9.7.2 Dispersion 6.9.7.3 Stream Flow Regulation 6.9.7.4 Water recycle and reuse 6.10 Secondary Impacts 6.11 Evaluation of Alternatives 6.12 Design and Construction Considerations 6.13 Maintenance and Monitoring Considerations 6.14 Closure and Long-term Considerations 6.15 ARD Prevention and Mitigation FAQ's 6.16 References

7.0 CHAPTER 7: DRAINAGE TREATMENT (ANDRE VAN NIEKERK)

7.1 Introduction 7.2 Objectives of Drainage Treatment 7.3 The ARD Treatment Approach 7.4 Mine Drainage Collection 7.5 Mine Drainage Treatment Technologies 7.5.1 Active Treatment 7.5.2 Passive treatment technologies 7.5.3 Treatment residues and wastes 7.6 Recovery of useful products 7.7 Evaluation and Selection of Drainage Treatment Technologies 7.8 Frequently asked Questions 7.9 References

8.0 CHAPTER 8: MONITORING (PETER CHAPMAN)

8.1 Introduction 8.2 Objectives of Monitoring 8.3 The ARD Monitoring Approach 8.3.1 Risk Based Framework 8.3.2 Monitoring Components 8.4 Problem Formulation 8.4.1 Site Definition 8.4.2 Contaminants of Potential Concern (COPCs) 8.4.3 Receptors of Potential Concern (ROPCs) 8.4.4 Assessment and Measurement Endpoints 8.4.5 Reference Areas/Locations 8.4.6 Conceptual Site Model (CSM) 8.4.7 Risk Hypotheses 8.4.8 Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) 8.5 Overview of Monitoring Approaches 8.5.1 Implementation Considerations 8.5.1.1 Health and Safety 8.5.1.2 Freshwater, Estuarine and Saline Receiving Environments 8.5.1.3 Source/Near- / Far-Field Monitoring 8.5.2 Discharge monitoring 8.5.3 Reference Comparisons 8.5.3.1 Upstream-Downstream 8.5.3.2 Gradient Monitoring Design 8.5.3.3 Reference Condition Design 8.5.4 Exposure Assessment 8.5.4.1 Data Collection 8.5.4.2 Comparison to Chemical Guidelines 8.5.4.3 Mercury Biomagnification 8.5.4.4 Environmental Fate 8.5.5 Effects Assessment 8.5.5.1 Bioavailability 8.5.5.2 Toxicity Testing 8.5.5.3 Resident Community Structure Alteration 8.5.5.4 Investigation of Causation 8.5.5.5 The Value of Integrated Assessments 8.5.6 Risk Characterisation 8.5.7 Uncertainty 8.5.8 Monitoring and Management 8.6 Monitoring Specifics 8.6.1 Sampling 8.6.2 Analysis 8.6.3 QAQC Considerations 8.6.3.1 Data Generation and Acquisition 8.6.3.2 Data Management 8.6.3.3 Data Verification, Validation and Usability 8.6.3.4 Performance Assessment and Oversight 8.7 ARD Monitoring FAQ's 8.8 References

9.0 CHAPTER 9: MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT (KAREN CLARKE-WHISTLER/ANDY ROBERTSON)

9.1 9.1.1 Management 9.1.2 Performance Assessment (PA) 9.2 Designing for Closure 9.3 Disciplines, Knowledge and Experience Requirements 9.4 Developing an ARD Management Plan (MP) 9.4.1 Defining the Problem 9.4.2 ARD, NMD and Saline Drainage 9.4.3 Gathering Data and Information 9.4.4 Generating Multiple Solutions 9.4.5 Analyzing and Selecting a Solution 9.4.5.1 Modelling and Assessment 9.4.5.2 Selecting a Solution 9.4.6 Testing the Solution 9.4.6.1 Testing Assumptions and Designs 9.4.6.2 Risk Assessment and Management 9.4.7 Assembling the ARD Management Plan 9.5 Implementing the ARD Management Plan 9.5.1 Mine Planning and Design 9.5.2 Construction 9.5.3 Operations 9.5.4 Monitoring Performance 9.5.5 Adjusting and Modifying the Plan 9.5.5.1 Data Retention 9.5.5.2 Closure Considerations 9.5.5.3 ARD Management FAQ's 9.5.5.4 References

10.0 CHAPTER 10: ARD COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION (TISHA GREYLING)

10.1 Introduction 10.2 The Business Case For Stakeholder Engagement 10.2.1 Corporate social risk and consequences 10.2.2 Benefits of good stakeholder engagement 10.2.3 The role of regulatory and other requirements 10.2.4 In-country laws 10.2.5 International conventions, guidelines and standards 10.2.6 Lenders’ requirements 10.3 Objectives Of Stakeholder Engagement 10.4 Good-Practice Principles And Approaches 10.4.1 Key principles and approaches 10.4.2 Identify stakeholders 10.4.3 Other principles 10.5 Effective Engagement 10.5.1 Within Companies 10.5.2 With Regulators 10.5.3 With Communities 10.5.4 With other stakeholders 10.5.5 Communication and Consultation by Regulators and Communities 10.6 Stakeholder Engagement For Each Mining Phase 10.6.1 Exploration 10.6.2 Assessment 10.6.3 Design 10.6.4 Construction 10.6.5 Operation 10.6.6 Closure and post-closure 10.7 Time, Resources and Costs 10.8 Roles And Responsibilities 10.8.1 The mining company 10.8.2 Government 10.8.3 Stakeholders 10.9 Evaluation and Reporting 10.9.1 Record-keeping 10.9.2 Evaluation 10.9.3 Reporting to neighbours and in-country stakeholders 10.9.4 Reporting internationally 10.10 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 10.11 References

11.0 CHAPTER 11: ARD MANAGEMENT & SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK (BETH BELOFF)

11.1 Introduction (brief, ~1/2 page) 11.2 Developing Industry, Regulatory and Community Approaches 11.3 Ongoing Research 11.4 Conferences and Training 11.5 ARD Technology FAQ's 12.0 REFERENCES